Nanoindentation’s imprint on an advanced society: Toward application conditions at the extremes

Abstract As society strives for a more sustainable future, key technologies depend on advanced materials development. Nanoindentation enables highly localized nanoscale measurement of mechanical properties, crucial for optimizing the performance of functional materials. Coupled with chemical charging, variable temperatures, or high deformation speeds, it offers insights into pressing materials science challenges necessary for sustainable energy transitions. This article explores the role of nanoindentation in advancing vital next-generation technologies. Graphical abstract