Enhancing a polarimetric fiber sensor using Fisher information

Polarization-based fiber sensors rely on the dynamics of the Stokes vector at the output of the optical fiber to probe stimuli that induce polarization variations. However, these sensors often suffer from limitations in sensitivity, precision, and reproducibility. In this work, we address these challenges by incorporating concepts from the Mueller matrix formalism to enhance the capabilities of such sensors. Specifically, we measure the Mueller matrix in the polarization basis that describes how the polarization evolves inside the optical fiber. Leveraging this formalism, we configure the system as a precise sensor to detect deformations along the fiber. By utilizing the Fisher Information framework, we significantly improve accuracy and resolution, enabling the detection of subtle perturbations with greater precision. This study introduces a novel approach for precise polarization control and advanced fiber-based sensing applications.