Seismic behavior of prefabricated-assembled frames with corrugated steel tube confined connections and piers: Experiments, numerical models, and design

In recent years, prefabricated bridges have gained significant attention for their advantages in reducing construction time, costs, and environmental impact. However, the seismic performance of substructure connections, particularly their load transfer mechanisms during earthquakes, remains a critical challenge. This study proposes a novel prefabricated bridge frame structure incorporating corrugated steel tube-confined connections and columns. To evaluate its seismic behavior, a 1:4 scaled pseudo-static test was conducted, focusing on failure modes, hysteresis characteristics, energy dissipation, and stiffness degradation. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed to validate the experimental results and perform a parametric sensitivity analysis, providing insights into load transfer mechanisms and failure patterns. Based on these findings, a seismic design method tailored for the proposed structure is introduced. Results demonstrate that the use of corrugated steel tubes significantly improves seismic performance and enhances the stability of prefabricated bridge substructures. The proposed frame structure and seismic design method offer both theoretical and practical guidance for the implementation of prefabricated bridges in seismically active regions, contributing to the advancement of seismic design theory and practice. • CSSC connection matches CIP in strength, ductility, and energy dissipation, ensuring seismic reliability. • CST-confined RRuC column boosts stiffness, load capacity, and energy dissipation by up to 257.5 %. • Optimal embedment depth (0.8D) and socket clearance (75 mm) enhance seismic performance and feasibility. • Combined CST confinement creates a 3D compression state, improving node’s mechanical interlock and shear resistance. • Developed mechanical model calculates moment, pull-out capacity, and minimum concrete thickness for seismic design.