Development of a test instrument for dribbling and passing skills in futsal players with validation and reliability levels

Introduction. Each player's futsal skills are a very important element in supporting team success. Basic futsal skills require precise instrument measurements so that the level of skill can be assessed for learning purposes and achievement improvement in futsal. Proper and age-appropriate instrument measurements that have validity and reliability levels are systematic procedures used to observe the behavior of a student or athlete, describe it through categorization, and also serve as a benchmark for training success. This study designs a basic futsal skills test measurement tool for players aged 18–23 years with the aim of producing a test format focused on dribbling and passing skills. Objective. This study aims to construct a measurement tool for basic futsal skills, which has high validity and reliability in dribbling and passing tests for use in U-23 futsal learning and training processes. Method. The research design used is development research with a product development planning procedure and the creation of initial product types/models. The research involved futsal players aged 18–23 years from PORPROV Surakarta. Small group trials were conducted with 15 players, and large group trials involved 90 players from six regencies: Banyumas, Klaten, Kebumen, Kendal, Kudus, and Jepara. The study then conducted validity, reliability, and norm tests on the skills test instrument. Results. The small-scale validity test for the basic dribbling skills test showed a value of 0.968, with a retest value of 0.964 and reliability of 0.979. The validity of the passing test was 0.910 with a retest of 0.981 and reliability of 0.947. In the large-scale test, the basic dribbling skills test showed a validity and retest value of 0.995, and reliability was 0.990. The large-scale validity for the basic passing skills test was 0.954 with a retest value of 0.989 and reliability of 0.977. These results indicate that the measuring instrument is reliable, as it produces consistent results over time. There were no differences in norms between the small and large groups for the U-23 dribbling and passing tests, so the measuring instrument can be considered objective. Conclusion. This research produces a reliable measurement tool for assessing dribbling and passing skills in futsal players aged 18–23 years.