Intersecting families with large shadow degree

Abstract A $$k$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:math> -uniform family $$\mathcal{F}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> </mml:math> is called intersecting if $$F\cap F'\neq \emptyset$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∩</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>≠</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∅</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for all $$F,F'\in \mathcal{F}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The shadow family $$\partial \mathcal{F}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>∂</mml:mi> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is the family of $$(k-1)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> -element sets that are contained in some members of $$\mathcal{F}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> </mml:math> . The shadow degree (or minimum positive co-degree) of $$\mathcal{F}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> </mml:math> is defined as the maximum integer $$r$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:math> such that every $$E\in \partial \mathcal{F}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∂</mml:mi> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is contained in at least $$r$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:math> members of $$\mathcal{F}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> </mml:math> . Balogh, Lemons and Palmer [1] determined the maximum size of an intersecting $$k$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:math> -uniform family with shadow degree at least $$r$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:math> for $$n\geq n_0(k,r)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , where $$n_0(k,r)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is doubly exponential in $$k$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:math> for $$4\leq r\leq k$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . In the present paper, we present a short proof of this result for $$n\geq 2\frac{(r+1)^r}{\binom{2r-1}{r}}k\binom{2k}{k-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mfrac> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:mfrac>

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Journal
Acta Mathematica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
Published
2025-04-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10474-025-01526-2
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Limits and Structures in Graph Theory
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
5.33

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article

Intersecting families with large shadow degree

J. Wang, Péter Frankl
1 citations
Acta Mathematica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
Limits and Structures in Graph Theory
5.33
article

Intersecting families with large shadow degree

J. Wang, Péter Frankl
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Abstract A $$k$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:math> -uniform family $$\mathcal{F}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> </mml:math> is called intersecting if $$F\cap F'\neq \emptyset$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∩</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>≠</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∅</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for all $$F,F'\in \mathcal{F}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The shadow family $$\partial \mathcal{F}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>∂</mml:mi> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is the family of $$(k-1)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> -element sets that are contained in some members of $$\mathcal{F}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> </mml:math> . The shadow degree (or minimum positive co-degree) of $$\mathcal{F}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> </mml:math> is defined as the maximum integer $$r$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:math> such that every $$E\in \partial \mathcal{F}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∂</mml:mi> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is contained in at least $$r$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:math> members of $$\mathcal{F}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> </mml:math> . Balogh, Lemons and Palmer [1] determined the maximum size of an intersecting $$k$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:math> -uniform family with shadow degree at least $$r$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:math> for $$n\geq n_0(k,r)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , where $$n_0(k,r)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is doubly exponential in $$k$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:math> for $$4\leq r\leq k$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . In the present paper, we present a short proof of this result for $$n\geq 2\frac{(r+1)^r}{\binom{2r-1}{r}}k\binom{2k}{k-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mfrac> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:mfrac>

Acta Mathematica Academiae Scientiarum HungaricaeVol. 175(2)
HUN-REN Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics (HU), Taiyuan University of Technology (CN)
National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal, National Research, Development and Innovation Office
Openalex Percentile: Top 8%
Limits and Structures in Graph Theory
5.33
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