The efficacy of topically applied curcumin 1% as alternative or complementary to triamcinolone acetonate in treatment of oral lichen planus (randomized control trial)

Abstract Background Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the mucous membranes, believed to be an immune-mediated condition. Its persisting nature can lead to extended discomfort for those affected. The primary symptoms are pain and a burning sensation, with a potential risk of malignancy if not properly managed, necessitating lifelong clinical monitoring. Presently, OLP is considered a significant challenge due to the absence of a definitive cure. Patients and methods Thirty patients with OLP were divided into three groups, 10 patients each: group A: 10 patients with OLP were received topical triamcinolone acetonide. Group B: 10 patients with OLP were received topical curcumin. Group C: 10 patients with OLP were received topical triamcinolone acetonide combined with topical curcumin for 6 weeks. Each patient was examined at baseline, 1 and 3 months of therapy. Pain was scored using the visual analog scale. Salivary level of interleukin-6 were estimated at baseline, 1 and 3 months evaluation periods. Results Significant decrease in pain score was observed in all groups and there was a statistically significant difference between them at all treatment periods in favor to group C. Additionally, all groups showed a decrease in the size of lesions which was greater in group A, C compared to the B group. A significant reduction of the mean interleukin-6 continued down to 3 months in all groups with statistically insignificant difference between them at 3 months, while statistically significant difference in favor to group C at 1 month was observed. Conclusion The results proved the benefit of curcumin as a promising medication when used in combination with conventional therapy in treatment of OLP patients. However, further long-term studies with large sample size are needed. Practical implications To evaluate the therapeutic impact of topically applied curcumin as alternative or complementary to triamcinolone acetonate in treatment of OLP.