Ultrahigh-Energy Event KM3-230213A within the Global Neutrino Landscape

On February 13th, 2023, the KM3NeT/ARCA telescope detected a neutrino candidate with an estimated energy in the hundreds of PeV. In this article, the observation of this ultrahigh-energy neutrino is discussed in light of null observations above tens of PeV from the IceCube and Pierre Auger observatories. Performing a joint fit of all experiments under the assumption of an isotropic <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:msup><a:mi>E</a:mi><a:mrow><a:mo>−</a:mo><a:mn>2</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msup></a:math> flux, the best-fit single-flavor flux normalization is <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:mrow><c:msup><c:mrow><c:mi>E</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mn>2</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msup><c:msubsup><c:mrow><c:mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mi>ν</c:mi><c:mo>+</c:mo><c:mover accent="true"><c:mrow><c:mi>ν</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mo stretchy="false">¯</c:mo></c:mrow></c:mover></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mn>1</c:mn><c:mi mathvariant="normal">f</c:mi></c:mrow></c:msubsup><c:mo>=</c:mo><c:mn>7.5</c:mn><c:mo>×</c:mo><c:msup><c:mrow><c:mn>10</c:mn></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mo>−</c:mo><c:mn>10</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msup><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:mi>GeV</c:mi><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:msup><c:mrow><c:mi>cm</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mo>−</c:mo><c:mn>2</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msup><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:msup><c:mrow><c:mi mathvariant="normal">s</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mo>−</c:mo><c:mn>1</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msup><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:msup><c:mrow><c:mi>sr</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mo>−</c:mo><c:mn>1</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msup></c:mrow></c:math> in the 90% energy range of the KM3NeT event. Furthermore, the ultrahigh-energy data are then fit together with the IceCube measurements at lower energies, either with a single power law or with a broken power law, allowing for the presence of a new component in the spectrum. A slight preference for a break in the PeV regime is found for one of the three investigated IceCube samples and no such preference for the other two. In all cases, the observed tension between KM3NeT and other datasets is mild to moderate (<j:math xmlns:j="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><j:mrow><j:mn>1.6</j:mn><j:mi>σ</j:mi><j:mi>–</j:mi><j:mn>2.9</j:mn><j:mi>σ</j:mi></j:mrow></j:math>), and increased statistics are required to resolve this apparent tension and better characterize the neutrino landscape at ultrahigh energies.

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Journal
Physical Review X
Published
2025-05-22
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/yypk-zmb8
Citations
24
Primary Topic
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
44.88

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article

Ultrahigh-Energy Event KM3-230213A within the Global Neutrino Landscape

J. Boumaaza, Didac Diego-Tortosa, A. Nayerhoda, S. Navas et al.
24 citations
Physical Review X
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
44.88
article

Ultrahigh-Energy Event KM3-230213A within the Global Neutrino Landscape

J. Boumaaza, Didac Diego-Tortosa, A. Nayerhoda, S. Navas, Jutta Schnabel, M. Gutiérrez, Riccardo Bruno, R. Muller, M. Lamoureux, S. Alves Garre, A. V. Plavin, Yu. Shitov, M. Chabab, Jonathan Mauro, C.M. Mollo, Francesca Magnani, Miroslav D Filipović, M. Scaringella, S. Thoudam, M. Bendahman, L. Martin, Z. Bardačová, D. Paesani, L. Morales-Gallegos, G. de Wasseige, E. Eckerová, Rogan Clark, J. D. Zornoza, C. Distefano, F. Mamedov, F. Carenini, A. B. Bouasla, J. E. M. Robinson, O. Starodubtsev, J. Brunner, A. Bariego-Quintana, D. Calvo, A. Albert, M. Bouwhuis, A. Capone, T. Eberl, A. van Vliet, Y. Y. Kovalev, D. Stocco, О. Адриани, I. Lhenry-Yvon, F. Longhitano, M. Breuhaus, M. Eff, D. Bonanno, N. Randazzo, B. K. Gibson, B. Caiffi, Francesca Gualandi, H. M. Schutte, Sharif El Mentawi, S. Sanfilippo, A. Chen, M Boettcher, I. Mozun Mateo, C. Argüelles, I. Tosta e Melo, I. Del Rosso, Oliver Janik, Mohamed Bennani, S. Mastroianni, G. Kistauri, J. Palacios González, J Keegans, R. Dvornický, B. Ó Fearraigh, P. Papini, G. Ferrara, M. Sanguineti, E. Berti, P. Goswami, L. Pacini, M. Circella, Christian Haack, Y. Becherini, I. C. Rea, David M. Benoit, Alex Wen, L Gialanella, M Petropavlova, Jeffrey Lazar, D. Real, V. Kikvadze, Valentina Parisi, A. Vacheret, R. Kvatadze, Paolo Castaldi, T. Chiarusi, C. Donzaud, P. Betti, M. Spurio, Ahmed Ratnani, A. Veutro, M. Musumeci, E. Drakopoulou, Ankur Sharma, M. Taiuti, L. Cerisy, D. Franciotti, A. Parmar, F. Šimkovic, S Cherubini, F. Salesa Greus, M. André, J. A. B. Coelho, W. Idrissi Ibnsalih, Daniele Zito, V. Kulikovskiy, L. S. Di Mauro, E. Ros, S. Le Stum, N. Kamp, R. Pestes, V. Cecchini, Antonio Ambrosone, R. Buompane, Л. Крупа, Valentin Decoene, A. Simonelli, A. M. Păun, Lars Hennig, L. Aphecetche, G. Vannoye, E. Vannuccini, P. Piattelli, E. Tzamariudaki, B. Spisso, I. Di Palma, A. Condorelli, C. Pastore, S. Biagi, T. Gal, A. Romanov, G. Cuttone, M. Ardid, Naoto Mori, A. Šaina, F. Bretaudeau, S. Aiello, M. Bouta, E.J. Pastor Gomez, T. Cartraud, H. Ghaddari, M. L. Mitsou, V. Oliviero, M. Benhassi, V. Valsecchi, R. M. Bozza, A. Eddymaoui, N. Sennan, V. Kueviakoe, C.A Quiroz-Rangel, Eliot Genton, P. Sevle Myhr, A. F. Díaz, J. Busto, Alfonso Garcia, Veronique Van Elewyck, C. Bozza, F. Ameli, T. van Eeden, D. Stavropoulos, M. Marconi, F. Badaracco, P. Kalaczyński, E. Migneco, S. Peña Martínez, P. Duverne, S. R. Gozzini, V. Carretero, J. Seneca, T. Pradier, D. Vivolo, V. Pestel, H. van Haren, S. Viola, J. Zúñiga, P. Sapienza, A. Moussa, E. Oukacha, A. Manousakis, A. Zegarelli, A. Orlando, R. Bruijn, F. Filippini, C. Kopper, V. Tsourapis, H. Brânzaş, P. Coyle, G. Illuminati, R. Coniglione, A.R Alhebsi, A. Domi, A. Sánchez Losa, S. Celli, G. Vasileiadis, L. Fusco, E. Giorgio, A. Kouchner, V. Popa, A. Ukleja, N. Lessing, D. Santonocito, C. Lastoria, S. Razzaque, R. Shanidze, S. Pulvirenti, B. Nkosi, G. Larosa, N. Geißelbrecht, F. Vazquez de Sola, B. Trocmé, B. Guillon, E. Buis, E. de Wolf, P. de Jong, S. Bottai, R. Dallier, C. A. Nicolau, M. Labalme, G. Miele, V. Ellajosyula, I. El Bojaddaini, E. Berbee, N. Zywucka, M. Mastrodicasa, S. El Hedri, J.-G. Ducoin, A. Heijboer, G. Riccobene, J. Schumann, M. Perrin-Terrin, I. Goos, C. Gatius Oliver, C. Poirè, M. Alshamsi, A Sinopoulou, R. Gracía, H. Thiersen, I. Štekl, R. Cocimano, D. Dornic, A. Creusot, D. Drouhin, S. Zavatarelli, V. Bertin, B. J. Jung, R. Lahmann, A. Coleiro, C. Markou, M. R. Musone, J. Aublin, J. García Méndez, J. Majumdar, S. Ardid, Lara Malerba, A. Marinelli, D. Joly, Y. Tayalati, D. van Eijk, V. Lemaı̂tre, J. Prado, I. Sgura, G. Lehaut, A. Idrissi, G. Levi, M. de Jong, C. Guidi, D. F. E. Samtleben, A. De Benedittis, G. Papalashvili, A. Manfreda, K. Mehta, A. Margiotta, M. Lindsey Clark, A. Enzenhöfer, E. Leonora, A. Lazo, G. E. Păvălaş, L. Bailly-Salins, B. Baret, J.J. Hernandez, G. Takadze, A. Meskar, Marco Scarnera, P. Deguire
article en
24 citations

Abstract

On February 13th, 2023, the KM3NeT/ARCA telescope detected a neutrino candidate with an estimated energy in the hundreds of PeV. In this article, the observation of this ultrahigh-energy neutrino is discussed in light of null observations above tens of PeV from the IceCube and Pierre Auger observatories. Performing a joint fit of all experiments under the assumption of an isotropic <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:msup><a:mi>E</a:mi><a:mrow><a:mo>−</a:mo><a:mn>2</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msup></a:math> flux, the best-fit single-flavor flux normalization is <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:mrow><c:msup><c:mrow><c:mi>E</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mn>2</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msup><c:msubsup><c:mrow><c:mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mi>ν</c:mi><c:mo>+</c:mo><c:mover accent="true"><c:mrow><c:mi>ν</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mo stretchy="false">¯</c:mo></c:mrow></c:mover></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mn>1</c:mn><c:mi mathvariant="normal">f</c:mi></c:mrow></c:msubsup><c:mo>=</c:mo><c:mn>7.5</c:mn><c:mo>×</c:mo><c:msup><c:mrow><c:mn>10</c:mn></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mo>−</c:mo><c:mn>10</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msup><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:mi>GeV</c:mi><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:msup><c:mrow><c:mi>cm</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mo>−</c:mo><c:mn>2</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msup><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:msup><c:mrow><c:mi mathvariant="normal">s</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mo>−</c:mo><c:mn>1</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msup><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:msup><c:mrow><c:mi>sr</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mo>−</c:mo><c:mn>1</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msup></c:mrow></c:math> in the 90% energy range of the KM3NeT event. Furthermore, the ultrahigh-energy data are then fit together with the IceCube measurements at lower energies, either with a single power law or with a broken power law, allowing for the presence of a new component in the spectrum. A slight preference for a break in the PeV regime is found for one of the three investigated IceCube samples and no such preference for the other two. In all cases, the observed tension between KM3NeT and other datasets is mild to moderate (<j:math xmlns:j="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><j:mrow><j:mn>1.6</j:mn><j:mi>σ</j:mi><j:mi>–</j:mi><j:mn>2.9</j:mn><j:mi>σ</j:mi></j:mrow></j:math>), and increased statistics are required to resolve this apparent tension and better characterize the neutrino landscape at ultrahigh energies.

Physical Review XVol. 15(3)
Tbilisi State University (GE), Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University (DZ), Cadi Ayyad University (MA), Leiden University (NL), Mohammed V University (MA), Jagiellonian University (PL), Space Science Institute (US), University of Salerno (IT), University of Georgia (US), Universidad de Granada (ES), Khalifa University of Science and Technology (AE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE), Institut Universitaire de France (FR), University of Hull (GB), University of the Witwatersrand (ZA), École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (FR), Université Paris Cité (FR), Charles University (CZ), Aix-Marseille Université (FR), University of Johannesburg (ZA), North-West University (ZA), Université de Haute-Alsace (FR), Harvard University Press (US), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (FR), University of Sharjah (AE), University of Catania (IT), National Institute for Subatomic Physics (NL), Centre de physique des particules de Marseille (FR), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (FR), National Centre for Nuclear Research (PL), Instituto de Física Corpuscular (ES), Normandie Université (FR), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NL), Mohamed I University (MA), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire de Caen (FR), The Polytechnic University of Japan (JP), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (IT), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique (MA), Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (GR), Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (DE), Czech Technical University in Prague (CZ), University of Florence (IT), Universitat Politècnica de València (ES), Western Sydney University (AU), AGH University of Krakow (PL), Université de Strasbourg (FR), University of Naples Federico II (IT), Comenius University Bratislava (SK), University of Genoa (IT), Sapienza University of Rome (IT), University of Amsterdam (NL), University of Bologna (IT), UCLouvain (BE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (ES), Nantes Université (FR), Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
National Science Foundation, David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Belgian American Educational Foundation, Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, European Commission, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Grantová Agentura České Republiky, Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Generalitat Valenciana, General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja, Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche Scientifique et de la Formation des Cadres, Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanislawa Staszica, Conseil Général Département des Bouches du Rhône, Conseil Régional Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Fondation Francqui - Stichting, Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej, Région Normandie, ESI Group, Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, European Regional Development Fund, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Labex UnivEarthS, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, H2020 European Research Council
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