The gut-brain axis and neurodevelopment: microbial correlations in autism

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) was described as a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by difficulties in social communication and repetitive behaviours. In Argentina, as in other countries, an increase in its prevalence has been observed. The relationship between ASD and the gut microbiota was investigated, finding significant differences in children with ASD compared to neurotypical children, particularly in bacteria such as Clostridium, Bacteroides, and Desulfovibrio. A study published in 2024 identified 31 biological markers in faecal samples from children with ASD, suggesting a possible use of the microbiome as a diagnostic tool. However, some researchers proposed that these alterations could be due to selective eating behaviours. Various interventions were explored, such as specific diets, probiotics, prebiotics and faecal microbiota transplants. In Argentina, interest in this integrative approach grew, highlighting the gut-brain axis as a relevant component in understanding and addressing ASD.