EVOLUTION OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH: HISTORICAL MILESTONES AND CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES

This article analyzes the stages of development of comparative pedagogy and examines the role of various historical, scientific and international factors in the formation of this field. Comparative pedagogy serves to understand global educational processes through the comparative study of the educational systems of different countries and to apply this knowledge in the development of national educational systems. The article examines the formation of the scientific foundations of comparative pedagogy, starting from the "period of travel notes", its expansion with the participation of international organizations and its transformation into a multidisciplinary field in the modern era. The introduction of the concept of "comparative pedagogy" into science by M.A. Julien in the first half of the 19th century is considered the beginning of the formation of the scientific foundations of this field. In the 20th century, the International Bureau of Education and other international organizations ensured the development of this field at the global level. In the 21st century, technological innovations, global pandemics, and ecological challenges determine new research directions in comparative pedagogy. Comparative pedagogy is not only an academic field, but also plays an important role in the formation of educational policy and the preparation of educational reforms. The development of effective educational models and the development of national education systems through the study of the experiences of different countries are among the main functions of this field. The article also analyzes the prospects for the future development of comparative pedagogy, new methodological approaches and opportunities for strengthening international cooperation. Thus, this study emphasizes the scientific and practical importance of comparative pedagogy and recommends responding to modern challenges for the sustainable development of this field.