THE LAST YEARS OF KING LOUIS XIV’S REIGN (1709–1715) BASED ON THE STUDY OF CAST IRON FIREPLACE PLATES

The article is dedicated to the study of the final period of the reign of Louis XIV, one of the most prominent monarchs in world history, known as the «Sun King». Special attention is given to the role of cultural and artistic objects, particularly cast-iron fireplace plates, as symbols of the era. The research aims to analyze the connection between political events, climatic conditions of the «Little Ice Age» (including the peak manifestations of the Maunder Minimum), and social transformations in France. The research methodology. The study employs an interdisciplinary approach that combines historical analysis, cultural studies, and materials science research. Authentic samples of fireplace plates were examined alongside archival materials. The artistic and technological features of their production were also analyzed. Scientific novelty. For the first time, cast-iron fireplace plates are considered not only as household objects or decorative elements but also as significant historical sources that reflect the political and climatic characteristics of the era. It was found that during the winter of 1709, one of the harshest in European history, the production technology of fireplace plates changed—they became more heat-retentive, aligning with the population’s needs during severe winters. Conclusions. The study confirms that social, economic, and climatic factors influenced the material culture of the time, particularly the production of cast-iron fireplace plates. The decline in Louis XIV’s popularity among the population was caused not only by economic crises and poor harvests but also by the absolute monarchy’s inability to effectively respond to natural disasters. The fireplace plates created in France during this period became a unique testament to the era, reflecting not only aesthetic preferences but also the socio-economic challenges of the early 18th century. This analysis allows for a deeper understanding of the interconnection between natural conditions, political events, and France’s cultural heritage.