Experimental Analysis and Modeling of Scattering Characteristics with Multiple Azimuth Angles in Sub-THz Bands

The terahertz (THz) band, with its abundant spec-trum resources, is regarded as a promising candidate band for future communication systems. As the frequency increases, surfaces that are smooth at low frequencies become rough for THz waves, making scattering more dominant for wave propagation. To investigate the THz scattering characteristics across multiple azimuth angles in three-dimensional space, extensive scattering measurements are conducted in three-dimensional space from 110 to 140 GHz. These measurements cover scattering from various material samples at zenith angles ranging from 5° to 80° and azimuth angles from _30° to 30°. Then, the scattering intensity distribution at different azimuth angles and its variation with frequency are analyzed based on the measurement data. Finally, a statistical model is proposed to describe the scattering intensity distribution and its frequency dependence. The model shows agreement with the measurements across surfaces with varying roughness.