Multitrace Huygens Encapsulation for Interoperability in Electromagnetic Design

Computational electromagnetics (CEM) has become essential in aerospace and naval engineering, particularly for analyzing electromagnetic interference (EMI) and compatibility (EMC) in defense applications involving complex platforms. As hyper-sensorization trends emerge, the need for enhanced CEM methods becomes evident to manage electromagnetically dense environments while meeting strict EMC/EMI and radiation hazard (RADHAZ) requirements. Confidentiality concerns pose challenges in information sharing among international partners, complicating the design of subsystems. This work proposes an EPA-based domain decomposition scheme that encapsulates electromagnetic interactions of large-scale platforms using small-scale Huygens' surfaces. The method significantly improves efficiency and accuracy in the design of antennas and sensors onboard platforms without requiring detailed geometric knowledge. Additionally, it allows assessment of antennas' contributions to radar cross-section (RCS) while maintaining safety and confidentiality standards. Integrated with advanced techniques based on the domain decomposition method and multitrace (MT) formulations, this approach also ensures robust modeling of near-field interactions among encapsulated objects.