Wave-Controlled RIS: Biasing RIS Elements Using Standing Waves with Single Frequency

This paper investigates the capabilities of operating a wave-controlled reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) system using a single standing wave along its biasing transmission line (TL) to minimize computational demands. A model and scattered radiation pattern are developed for this setup, and a theoretical implementation is tested. Results show single-beam steering, with current limitations arising from symmetries in the reflected phase pattern at each element.