The Impact of Social Media on Dietary Supplement Consumption in Bahrain

The popularity of social media (SM) platforms for health and nutrition information has risen, with influencers promoting various products, including dietary supplements (DS). This study analyzes participants' knowledge and attitudes towards DS, as well as the impact of SM on DS consumption in Bahrain. Data from 240 participants, collected through a self-administered electronic questionnaire, revealed a high prevalence of DS use at 72.5%. Most purchases were based on recommendations from doctors (53.8%), followed by social media influencers (36.6%). Of the users, 42.9% had good knowledge about DS, and 89.6% reported no side effects. The main reasons for DS use included general well-being (38.8%) and preventing nutritional deficiencies (15.7%). Vitamin D (44.6%), vitamin C (35.0%), and iron (30.8%) were the most consumed supplements. Instagram (46.3%) was the leading platform for DS-related content, yet 86.3% of users showed no interest in DS promoted by influencers, doubting its health benefits (71.3%). Furthermore, 81% found SM messages about DS unconvincing, with no significant link between SM use and DS consumption (p=0.397). Notably, Bahrainis and single participants reported higher DS use compared to other demographics. While SM can be a useful tool for nutrition information, misinformation from influencers may negatively affect DS consumption. This study highlights the need for public educational programs about proper DS use and suggests future research into the negative effects of social media on DS consumption.