Experimental Validation of a Full Polarimetric Channel Model with Frequency-Dependent Antenna Gain for Polarization Diversity Studies

Autonomous driving, child presence detection, and digital car keys rely on precise localization. Therefore, accurate simulation environments are essential for designing radio systems and optimizing their positioning algorithms. A critical aspect of developing a reliable localization system is modeling the physical radio channel, which includes the transmitting antenna, the propagation medium, and the receiving antenna. However, existing channel models often overlook important physical effects of antennas, such as frequency dependence and polarization, leading to discrepancies between simulations and real-world measurements. To address this, the paper enhances full polarimetric channel models by incorporating the frequency dependence of both antennas and propagation channels. The theoretical model is validated through Vector Network Analyzer channel sounding measurements using reference antennas. This approach provides a foundation for polarization-based post-processing, ultimately improving positioning accuracy.