Validation of Conceptual Progress in Time- Domain EM: Expectations & Practical Possibilities

The modalities to validate conceptual advancements in time-domain (TD) electromagnetics (EM) are critically examined. Upon inspecting the capabilities of the existing measurement equipment, it is concluded that expecting a physical verification of frequency-domain (FD) results is fully justified. However, comprehensive direct measurements in the case of TD frameworks do not seem warranted, with TD theories being properly verified only via numerical experiments that offer the needed controlled environment for the relevant proofs.