The myth of American chosenness in historiography: an analysis of its impact on national identity and foreign policy

The article explores the myth of America's divine chosenness, which has become a key element in shaping the national identity of the United States. This myth originated in colonial times when Puritans began to see themselves as a people chosen by God to fulfill a divine mission in the New World. From John Winthrop, who proclaimed the idea of the U.S. as a “city upon a hill”, to the messianic internationalists of the 20th century, such as Woodrow Wilson, the concept of American exceptionalism became the foundation for political decisions justifying territorial expansion, expansionism, and aggressive foreign policy. Through the doctrine of Manifest Destiny, the U.S. came to see itself as a moral leader tasked with spreading democracy and freedom worldwide. The myth of divine chosenness had a significant influence on American politics, expressed in numerous military conflicts and political decisions aimed at expanding American influence. However, with the rise of imperialism and after numerous critical remarks about such policies, the myth began to be subject to internal criticism, especially due to its justification of violence and human rights violations. In the 20th century, the idea of divine chosenness merged with the concept of American exceptionalism, which became an important part of the country's political culture. Trump revived the slogan “Make America Great Again” in his political campaign, serving as an example of the re-emergence of this idea in modern politics. The myth of American exceptionalism and divine chosenness also became the basis for foreign policy decisions, particularly during the Cold War, when the U.S. saw itself as the defender of liberal democracy in the world. Despite criticism, the myth of divine chosenness remains an essential part of American political identity, continuing to shape the strategic and moral foundations of the nation.