Geopolitical conflicts: analysis of the impact on the transformation of international relations

In today's world, geopolitical conflicts are taking on new forms and scales, posing serious challenges to international stability and security. Globalisation, changes in the distribution of power between countries, and new types of threats, such as cyberterrorism and transnational terrorism, significantly complicate conflict resolution processes. Therefore, it is important to study the key factors that contribute to the emergence of conflicts and the effectiveness of international organisations and diplomatic mechanisms in resolving them. The study's purpose is to analyse the causes and factors of geopolitical conflicts in the current environment, assess the role of international organisations and diplomatic mechanisms in their settlement, and develop recommendations for improving the effectiveness of international security cooperation. To achieve this goal, the systematic approach, comparison, analysis, and synthesis were used. The systematic approach allowed for the study of geopolitical conflicts as complex multilevel phenomena that include political, economic, and social aspects. The comparative method allowed for the comparison of different conflicts and the assessment of the effectiveness of mechanisms for their resolution. The study found that the leading causes of geopolitical conflicts are competition for resources, uneven distribution of global power, and internal political and social crises in individual countries. The role of international organisations in conflict resolution is significant, but several limitations exist, including political differences between states and insufficient speed of decision-making. An analysis of current approaches to peaceful settlement has shown a lack of integrated strategies, insufficient participation of civil society and business in peacekeeping processes, and weak preventive diplomacy. Based on the results obtained, recommendations were formulated to improve the effectiveness of international security cooperation. Comprehensive strategies that integrate military, economic, social, and humanitarian approaches, new operational mechanisms for responding to modern threats, intensification of cooperation between states and nonstate actors, and strengthening of the role of humanitarian organisations are proposed.