Analysis of Clouds and Rain Losses on Terahertz Band for Non-Terrestrial Networks

In today's world, high-speed and reliable internet access is a global necessity. Despite this, millions of users suffer on a daily basis due to limited service on airplanes and in remote areas. Microwave frequencies have long reachability, but due to the limited available bandwidth, they cannot serve a large number of users with high data rates and reliability guarantees. Therefore, this research focuses on providing high-speed internet access using millimeter wave (mmWave)/terahertz (THz) frequencies to address the aforementioned shortcomings of microwave frequencies. Our primary goal is to investigate the effects of various channel parameters on mmWave/THz frequencies, including point-topoint (P2P) path loss and atmospheric losses. The analysis reveals that airplane-to-satellite (A2S) links can achieve better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) across the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{1 0 0 - 1 0 0 0 G H z}$</tex> frequency range by avoiding the adverse atmospheric effects at higher altitudes, whereas ground-to-satellite (G2S) links can still perform similarly up to 300 GHz but with higher atmospheric losses.