Deduction of Extrapolation Factors in Realistic Scenarios for In-Situ Assessment of 5G Base Stations

Accurate assessment of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure in 5G networks presents challenges due to beamforming and advanced technologies. Traditional frequency-selective methods provide actual exposure values but cannot distinguish beams or cells. Code-selective techniques differentiate cells and beams, but require complex extrapolation processes based on unavailable network parameters like beamforming patterns. This study investigates extrapolation factors like Fextbeam in realistic indoor and outdoor 5G environments, using frequency-selective and code-selective measurements. Measurements under different traffic conditions evaluated the effect of beam patterns and power. Results showed higher variability in extrapolated values due to differences in antenna radiation patterns. Outdoor environments exhibited more stable values, indicating the critical role of antenna patterns, especially indoors.