Effective-Height Analysis of UWB Antenna Arrays for TDoA and PDoA Estimation

To assess antenna influences on time-difference of arrival (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$T$</tex> DoA) and phase-difference of arrival (PDoA) measurements in ultra-wideband (UWB) radio systems, we propose extensions of effective-height-based analysis methods for standalone antennas to multi-antenna arrangements, which can be applied to simulations and measurements. Each antenna element is modelled as an LTI system, with its effective height as angle-of-arrival-dependent transfer function. The obtained effective heights consider coupling effects between the antenna elements as well as objects in their vicinity. The proposed simulation and measurement procedures were applied to a Vivaldi and a XETS antenna pair. We compare impulse responses as well as PDoA and TDoA estimates obtained from simulation and measurement to discuss influences of the measurement system as well as modelling uncertainties in the simulation.