Investigation Toward Activating Nonreciprocal Metasurfaces

Nonreciprocal metasurfaces, which spatially control electromagnetic waves depending on their propagation direction, are a critical element in achieving more advanced wave control. Several methods to realize nonreciprocity in metasurfaces include using circuit elements such as amplifiers or employing magnetic materials. In this report, we present the design and evaluation of a simple structure that combines magnetic materials and PIN diodes to control nonreciprocity. The results demonstrate that nonreciprocal characteristics with more than 10 dB of isolation in the 6 GHz band can be controlled by switching the PIN diode on and off.