Optimal therapy schedule of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a personalized immunotherapy approach in which a patient's T cells are genetically engineered to express synthetic receptors that specifically recognize and target tumor-associated antigens. This approach has demonstrated remarkable success in treating B-cell malignancies by directing CAR-T cells against the CD19 protein. However, treatment efficacy is influenced by the composition and distribution of CAR-T cell subsets administered to the patient. To investigate the impact of different CAR-T cell subtypes and infusion strategies, we developed a mathematical model that captures the dynamic interactions between tumor cells and CAR-T cells within the tumor immune microenvironment. Through computational simulations, we explored how varying the dosage and subtype proportions of infused CAR-T cells affects tumor dynamics and therapeutic outcomes. Our findings highlight the critical role of CAR-T cell subset composition in optimizing treatment efficacy, underscoring the necessity of precise dosing control and tailored infused strategies to maximize therapeutic success.