Counting in: A methodological framework for the accessibility assessment of on-demand transit

This paper addresses an existing methodological and empirical gap by presenting a framework for conducting a regional cumulative accessibility analysis of a transit network with an on-demand component and demonstrating its application to the context of a mid-sized Canadian city. We rely on the concept of accessibility as a performance metric and propose a methodological approach for inferring inputs for accessibility calculations from actual on-demand operations in Edmonton, Canada, to develop the tool for the accessibility assessment of a transit network with an on-demand component. Our empirical findings show that on-demand zones that were introduced with a redesigned bus network saw the largest gains in transit accessibility, and we identified that excluding on-demand transit from accessibility analysis underestimates the systemic effect of the bus network redesign. While the use of the accessibility framework for the assessment of a transit system with an on-demand component offers a meaningful and comprehensive measure of the success both for the planning purposes at the stage of design and for the post-implementation evaluation of either incremental or systemic changes, on-demand service standards must be developed to ensure consistent service provision of on-demand services throughout the day. On the other hand, informed by the findings of our study and publicly available information about the operational costs of service provision we identified that on-demand service provides operational savings over fixed routes if ridership in the area is less or equal to eight passengers an hour.