Research on the Effect of Working Memory on Complexity, Accuracy and Fluency of Second Language Writing: Evidence from Theoretical Models and Empirical Studies

The relationship between working memory and specific domains of L2 input and output has been a growing research interest in psycholinguistics and SLA. This study begins with different working memory theoretical bases and orientations including the multicomponent WM model [4,5], the embedded-processes model of working memory [10,11] and the integrated framework of phonological and executive working memory in SLA [49], followed by reviews on significant and representative empirical studies on working memory and L1 & L2 acquisition. Then, some influential writing models are introduced including the updated Hayes-Flower writing mode [22,23,24], working memory model in writing process [31,32], direct and indirect effects model of writing [33] with relevant testing-hypothesis empirical studies on working memory and L2 writing. Finally, research gaps are created to role of working memory in Chinese multilingual learners' writing performance in second and third languages.