Educational needs analysis for ocean literacy-based marine education: Focusing on the difference between elementary school students in mountainous and coastal areas

Objectives This study aimed to analyze the educational needs of ocean literacy-based marine education for elementary school students in mountainous and coastal areas and to derive the top priorities for marine education. Methods Using a random sampling method, four elementary schools (two from mountainous areas and two from coastal areas) were selected. With the assistance of affiliated teachers, a survey was conducted on 96 fifth and sixth-grade students. The importance and current levels of each item on the simplified Ocean Literacy Assessment Scale were measured. Paired t-tests, Borich's needs analysis, and the Locus for Focus analysis were performed. Results The top educational needs of elementary school students in mountainous and coastal areas were generally similar, with slight differences. The common top-priority educational needs included “adjusting equipment to fit the situation while using it in the sea,” “responding to emergencies occurring in the sea,” and “predicting potential hazards in the sea.” A unique need identified only in mountainous areas was “engaging in safe activities in the sea.” Conclusions The study proposed educational content and methods for common marine education applicable to all regions, as well as specific educational content and methods tailored to the characteristics of each region.