Construction of EGCG/chlorhexidine functionalized coating to reinforce the soft tissue seal at transmucosal region of implants

Recent advancements in dental implant technology have provided more reliable and durable solutions for patients. Soft tissue seal (STS) is crucial for achieving implant stability, maintaining tissue health and promoting integration with surrounding soft and hard tissues. However, the STS around implants is fragile and susceptible to disruption by oral pathogens, particularly in patients with periodontitis or poor oral hygiene, leading to complications such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. To promote STS formation, it is crucial to maintain the balance between bacterial and host cells while effectively managing inflammation. Although titanium-based implants exhibit biocompatibility, they lack inherent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. To address these challenges, we developed a dual-function antibacterial and anti-inflammatory coating using chlorhexidine (CHX) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). CHX effectively reduces bacterial adhesion but may inhibit fibroblast proliferation, while EGCG provides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. Three types of EGCG/CHX composite coatings were developed on titanium surfaces at different pH values. These coatings exhibited enhanced bacterial resistance, reduced inflammation and ROS scavenging capabilities, with higher pH levels further improving their performance. <i>In vivo</i> studies also confirmed that these coatings effectively prevented bacterial adhesion, mitigated inflammation and promoted STS formation, thereby holding significant promise for enhancing the long-term success of dental implants.