Краткий обзор ядерно-физических решений ториевого реактора в странах-производителях

Modern nuclear reactor systems use thorium as fuel for the Molten Salt Reactor (MSR), Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR), High Temperature Reactors (HTR); and thorium is being considered as fuel for the Accelerator Driven System (ADS). The modular design provides reactors with electrical power from 100 to 3000 MW. This article will provide an overview of the use of thorium in nuclear reactors and fuel cycles with an emphasis on the Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR). There is significant strategic interest in integrating the nuclear industry with the environment, preserving limited fuel resources, providing alternatives to meet the ever-growing energy demand, serving as strategic energy reserves, and contributing to rural electrification. Nuclear power plants have the potential to contribute to environmentally friendly national development as they have zero carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions. Moreover, potential risks of power shortages due to weather and climate factors can be minimized as nuclear power plants are independent of the season. This allows agricultural and irrigation activities to continue unimpeded, thus achieving planned harvests.