Advancements in Clinical Differentiation between Adenovirus and Kawasaki Disease

川崎病(Kawasaki Disease, KD)是一种以全身血管炎性、发热出疹性疾病，主要影响5岁以下儿童，病因尚未完全明确。近年来，许多研究表明，感染因素是导致KD的发病的重要因素。其中，腺病毒(Adenovirus, AdV)作为一种常见的病原体，因其感染后临床症状与KD高度重叠，临床误诊风险显著增加。本文通过综述AdV感染与KD的流行病学关联、临床特征、实验室检查及潜在病理机制差别，旨在为临床医生提供鉴别诊断的关键线索，减少误诊率，优化治疗策略。Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis and febrile exanthematous condition predominantly affecting children under the age of five. The etiology of KD remains incompletely elucidated. Recent studies have increasingly highlighted the significance of infectious agents as potential etiological factors in KD. Notably, adenovirus (AdV), a prevalent pathogen, poses a considerable risk of clinical misdiagnosis due to the substantial overlap in clinical manifestations between AdV infection and KD. This article provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiological associations, clinical characteristics, laboratory diagnostics, and potential pathophysiological distinctions between AdV infection and KD. The objective is to furnish clinicians with critical insights for differential diagnosis, thereby reducing the incidence of misdiagnosis and enhancing treatment strategies.