Effect of some litter based substrates on germination and growth of allepo pine plants Pinus halepensis (Mill.) in the nursery

Chemical analysis of the litter showed that the mixed litter contained a high concentration of essential fertilizing elements (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and has a pH close to the neutrality, which is conductive to the plant growth. The mixed litter gave the best germination rate with an average of 90%. In terms of growth parameters such as height, diameter at the base, and biomass of both aboveground and belowground part, the mixed litter outperformed the other types of litter as well as the control group. The findings of this study hold significant importance for reforestation practices, emphasizing the benefits of avoiding monoculture.