Teachers' Understanding of the Philosophy of Education Ki Hadjar Dewantara and Its Implementation in History Learning at Public High Schools in Semarang City

Understanding Ki Hadjar Dewantara's philosophy of education is very important for teachers to implement effective learning and in accordance with the needs of students. This is the background for the author to examine how teachers understand the principles of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's education philosophy in high school. This research is qualitative research with case study method. Data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation. The results showed that teachers' understanding of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's educational philosophy showed good results. The teachers emphasized the importance of their role as mentors who direct students well, and shape students' characters with a personal approach and attention to individual needs. Teachers' history lesson designs reflect Dewantara's values through systematic steps, including observation, goal setting and student-centered methods. The implementation of Dewantara's philosophy is seen in good classroom management, educational sanctions, and support for students' talents. Teachers create a positive environment, and provide freedom to students, in accordance with the concept of education that educates independent individuals. Keywords: Ki Hadjar Dewantara, philosophy of education, teacher understanding.