Phytochemical and Anticancer Assessment of Cassia siamea Extracts

In the present study, the leaves of Cassia siamea were subjected to extraction, fractionation, and isolation procedures, followed by comprehensive phytochemical screening. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, while cytotoxic potential was evaluated through the MTT assay on the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds in the ethyl acetate, aqueous, and ethanol extracts. Among all extracts tested, the ethanol and methanol extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant activities, whereas the chloroform extract demonstrated the lowest. Additionally, the methanolic extract showed notable cytotoxicity, reducing cell viability to 49% at a concentration of 10 µM. These findings indicate that ethanol and methanol extracts of C. siamea leaves possess significant antioxidant and anticancer potential, warranting further investigation for the isolation and characterization of bioactive constituents.