Social and environmental impacts of pesticide use in mango cultivation

Objective: To identify the socio-environmental impacts derived from the inappropriate use and management of pesticides by mango producers in the municipality of San Marcos, Guerrero, Mexico, with emphasis on the effects on farmers' health and environmental contamination. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional study was applied to 40 mango producers using a questionnaire. In addition, focus groups were conducted to delve into pesticide management practices and their perceptions of risks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with GraphPad Prism 7 software. Results: 100% of the farmers surveyed used pesticides, although only 40% identified the pests for which they were used. The most commonly used agrochemicals belong to the organophosphate and pyrethroid chemical groups. Ninety-one percent of growers mix two or more pesticides without using personal protective equipment properly. 50% have presented some symptoms of intoxication. Empty containers are left inside the orchards and the leftovers are dumped directly into the soil, contaminating the groundwater. Limitations on study/implications: design of appropriate pesticide management programs and promotion of sustainable practices in the region. Findings/conclusions: This study highlights the importance of developing awareness strategies that include training programs based on scientific evidence. Such programs should teach the correct handling of agrochemicals, with a focus on the prevention of health and environmental risks.