Genomic characterization of Pasteurellaceae strains: Resistance mechanisms, virulence factors, and HGT potential

The Pasteurellaceae family includes several important bacterial pathogens, such as Avibacterium paragallinarum, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae , and Mannheimia haemolytica , which are associated with significant economic and public health concerns. This study provides a comprehensive genomic analysis of 564 publicly available whole-genome sequences of these bacteria, focusing on antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Using bioinformatics tools such as ResFinder, VFDB, ICEfinder, and ori Tfinder, we identified widespread antibiotic resistance genes, including tet (B), sul 2, aph (6)-Id, and bla ROB - 1, which contribute to multidrug resistance. Additionally, the study highlights the prevalence of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) elements, including Type IV Secretion Systems (T4SS) and Integrative and Conjugative Elements (ICEs), which facilitate the dissemination of resistance and virulence traits. Notably, M. haemolytica exhibited the highest presence of HGT-related machinery, suggesting a greater potential for genetic exchange and adaptability. Furthermore, the study raises concerns about the zoonotic potential of these bacteria, emphasizing their ability to acquire virulence determinants through HGT. Overall, this study provides crucial insights into the genetic mechanisms driving antibiotic resistance, virulence, and host adaptability in Pasteurellaceae species, underscoring the need for continuous surveillance and potential therapeutic interventions.