Elevation Tilt Synthesis with Huygens Passive Metasurfaces

This paper explores the use of passive Huygens metasurfaces (HMS) to enhance antenna performance in next-generation wireless communication systems. These systems demand higher efficiency, reduced costs, and simplified infrastructure. In response, smart electromagnetic environments and metasurfaces have emerged as critical technologies, enabling dynamic signal rerouting, improved coverage, and reduced signal loss, especially in the mmWave spectrum. Here, we focus on the application of cylindrical HMS coatings on wire antennas to achieve beamsteering and directivity enhancement. Building on previous works, where phase insertion was modified on the H-plane, this paper extends the concept by applying a rigorous synthesis approach to the E-plane, enabling focusing and tilt capabilities. The proposed method leverages a refined phase-gradient metasurface design, addressing limitations in existing models such as angular response and wavefront superposition, to offer improved control over antenna radiation patterns. This approach has the potential to significantly improve the performance of future wireless communication systems.