Symmetrical 1:4 Power Divider with Out-of-Phase Outputs Using Gapwave Guide Pins and Coupling Ridge with Iris at D-Band

This paper presents a novel 1 to 4 power divider design, implemented using gap waveguide technology for equal power splitting with half out-of-phase outputs and half in-phase outputs. The design incorporates E-plane and Hplane Tees for power division. A coupling ridge and inductive iris formed by gap waveguide pins ensure efficient coupling and impedance matching, eliminating the need for traditional multi-section impedance transformers. The device operates across the 135-155 GHz band with a reflection coefficient below −15 dB, and low insertion loss of 0.05 dB. The phase imbalance is negligible (0.0005°) with equal power division of −6 dB on each of 4-ports. The simulated power divider will be incorporated and tested within high gain array's feeding network in the 140-150 GHz range. The approach to use pins for tuning and inductive iris, for matching and power splitting, ensures precise phase control, low insertion loss, and optimal impedance matching with compact size. Moreover, gap waveguide structure prevents electromagnetic leakage and simplifies manufacturing, making it highly suitable for millimeter-wave and THz systems.