Unwanted Hydrate Detection in Energy Sector Pipelines Considering Dual-Polarization Patch Antennas as the RF/Microwave Sensor

The reported findings are directed towards the development of a gas hydrate two-port detection system utilizing antenna and microwave technology, which follows electromagnetic and dual-polarization principles, and is intended for use in oil and gas pipelines. This hydrate formation is an ongoing problem for the energy sector as it can cause unwanted and costly pipeline clogging. Results suggest that a dual-polarization antenna sensor concept, based on observed permittivity variations, can provide enhanced data collection and characterization of the materials flowing inside pipelines, and, when compared to more conventional approaches which only considers a single-port setup and single-polarization.