Evolving Trends in Industrial Finance in India: A Structural and Policy Perspective

The industrial finance sector of India has undergone significant transformations during the past decades through both governmental legislation and systemic market changes. This paper examines modern industrial finance trends which show banks relinquishing their funding dominance in favor of market-oriented funding solutions. The role of Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) declined post-1991 economic liberalization because private sector banks together with NBFCs and VC and PE funds became more prominent. The Startup India Initiative and Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) together with MUDRA Scheme have reshaped the financial landscape through their efforts to boost borrowing capacity while simplifying operations and stimulating development by innovation. The research analyzes industrial growth and recovery rates and credit flow through evaluations of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) and developing industries. These transformative credit policies have greatly expanded availability to finance however they produce new problems in non-performing assets along with poor policy execution and uneven credit services by location. We conclude this article by presenting improvements to strengthen the policy framework which will enable industrial expansion through multiple funding sources.