Beyond Knots: Functional Analysis of Arthroscopic Shoulder Bankart Repair with Knotless Anchor in Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation

Abstract Background: Arthroscopic Bankart repair is widely used for shoulder stabilization in patients with anterior shoulder instability, particularly those with minimal glenoid bone loss. Among the array of techniques available, utilizing knotless, all-suture anchors has emerged as a valuable alternative to traditional solid anchors. Thus, the purpose of the study is to assess the functional outcomes of arthroscopic shoulder Bankart lesion repair with a knotless anchor. Methodology: This prospective study was conducted after obtaining ethical approval in the department of orthopedics at a tertiary care center. This study enrolled 20 patients aged between 18 and 50 years, all experiencing two or more episodes of shoulder dislocation with anterior instability of the glenohumeral joint. Patients with seizure disorders, multidirectional instability/habitual dislocations, and glenoid bone loss exceeding 25% were excluded. The Modified University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score was used for preoperative and follow-up evaluations. Patients were regularly followed up at specific intervals: 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year postsurgery for functional assessment and to note any complications. Results: Of the 20 patients, 18 (90%) were male, with a mean age of 26.5 years. Preoperatively, patients experienced an average of 4.9 dislocations. Suture anchors were used in all patients, with 55% requiring two anchors and 45% needing three. Based on the modified UCLA score, 90% of cases achieved good-to-excellent outcomes, while only 5% showed poor results. The mean UCLA score improved significantly from 17.9 ± 2.15 preoperatively to 32.45 ± 2.44 at 1-year follow-up ( P < 0.0005). There were no instances of redislocation, although one patient had asymptomatic Grade I subluxation. Three patients (15%) experienced some limitation in range of motion. The average external rotation decreased slightly from 80.68° preoperatively to 74.84° postoperatively. Conclusion: The clinical results of arthroscopic Bankart repair with knotless suture anchors were favorable, demonstrating improvements in shoulder function, a reduced recurrence rate, and enhanced range of motion.