Tuning Transmission Properties of Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Waveguides Using Functional Dielectric Cavities

In this study, the photonic band structure, transmissivity, and electric field distribution of a two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled waveguide structure are calculated using the supercell technique and finite element method. The waveguide consists of circular KNbO3 and functional dielectric cylinders embedded in air. The dielectric constant of a functional medium cylinder is spatially dependent, which is realized through the electro-optic and Kerr effects. The dielectric constant function is defined as εc(r)=k·r+b (0⩽r⩽rc), where the coefficient <i>k</i> and parameter <i>b</i> can be adjusted by an external electric field. By tuning <i>k</i> and <i>b</i>, the transmission characteristics of the waveguide, including the propagation direction and light field distribution, exhibit significant adjustability. Specifically, parameter <i>b</i> enhances or suppresses the transmissivity at output ports 1 and 2. By utilizing the regulatory capability of functional media on waveguide transmission characteristics, optical filters with specific filtering functions can be designed. These findings provide novel design strategies for advanced optical devices.