Effects of fortifying a meal with oyster mushroom powder on subsequent ad libitum energy intake, gastric emptying, selected gastrointestinal hormones and appetite sensations in adults with overweight/obesity: A double-blind randomized controlled cros

This study aimed to investigate the effect of fortifying a meal with β-glucan-rich oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus [P.o.]) powder on subsequent ad libitum energy intake and potential mechanisms modulating food intake. In a double-blind randomized, crossover trial, 36 adults consumed a meal enriched with 20 g P.o. powder (EN) or not (control, CON). Before and within 240 min afterward, gastric emptying, biochemical parameters (peptide YY, cholecystokinin, short-chain fatty acids) and appetite sensations were determined. Ad libitum energy intake was assessed after 240 min (second meal test). Gastric emptying was delayed after EN vs. CON (lag-time: P = 0.028; half-emptying time: P < 0.001). For biochemical parameters, appetite sensations and subsequent ad libitum energy intake, no treatment effect was detectable (all P ≥ 0.05). Meal fortification with 20 g P.o . powder delays gastric emptying but an effect on ad libitum energy intake could not be detected under the experimental conditions applied. Trial Registration Registration at the German Clinical Trials Register; DRKS-ID: DRKS00031958; registration date: 25/05/2023. https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00031958 Fortifying a meal with 20 g oyster mushroom powder delays gastric emptying in adults with overweight/obesity but no reduction in subsequent ad libitum energy intake could be detected under the conditions applied. • Fortifying a meal with 20 g P.o. powder delays gastric emptying. • No reduction in subsequent ad libitum energy intake under the conditions applied. • No treatment effect detectable on appetite sensations, PYY, CCK and SCFA. • Food craving is associated with a higher ad libitum energy intake.