Understanding Place-Based Policy Barriers: Local Government Perspectives on External Rankings in Sweden's Disadvantaged Areas

"Place-based policy" is a widely recognized concept prioritising local contexts in creating sustainable policies. However, research on its adoption in geographically disadvantaged areas suggest that such areas fail to effectively design and implement place-based policies for development. This paper originates from a general interest in the challenges associated with the design and implementation of place-based policies in geographically disadvantaged areas. Building on previous research that identifies 'external pressure' as a hindrance to the development of place-based policy, this paper investigates a specific case of such pressure: municipal rankings. Central to our discussion is the ranking published by the Confederation of Swedish Enterprise (COSE). According to qualitative data generated through participatory observation and surveys with 43 local government representatives in 39 geographically disadvantaged Swedish municipalities, rankings published by the Confederation of Swedish Enterprise (COSE) are perceived to influence the formulation of local policy and planning. Our conclusion is that external pressures from standardized rankings impede the development of genuinely place-based policies, plans, and strategies. By illuminating the tension between external metrics and local needs, we contribute original and vital knowledge to regional development, public policy, and sustainable planning, paving the way for more nuanced approaches to policy development in disadvantaged areas.