Oral Health Challenges and Barriers to Dental Care Access Among Narikuravar Gypsies in Chennai: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Oral health is a crucial component of overall well-being, extending beyond healthy teeth to impact systemic health and quality of life. The Narikuravar community, an indigenous tribal group predominantly involved in hunting as their primary occupation, faces numerous challenges in accessing healthcare services. This study aims to assess the oral health status and barriers to dental care utilization among the Narikuravar tribal gypsies living in Chennai. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the Narikuravar tribal gypsies residing in Thirumullaivoyal, Chennai. All available individuals aged 18 years and above who were permanent residents of the area were included. Oral health status was evaluated using the WHO Oral Health Assessment Proforma (2013), which assesses dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, dental trauma and treatment needs. The OHI-S index was employed to measure oral hygiene status. To identify perceived barriers to dental care, a pretested questionnaire was administered. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Software version 23.0 and descriptive statistics along with Pearson’s correlation test were used to assess associations, with p<0.005 considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 460 participants were included in the study, with 55% (n = 253) being male and 45% (n = 197) female. The mean DMFT score was 13.1±5.56, indicating a high prevalence of dental caries in the population. Regarding oral hygiene, 65.1% (n = 280) of participants had a fair OHI-S score, while 41.5% (n = 238) required comprehensive dental evaluation and treatment. The most commonly reported barrier to dental care utilization was a lack of awareness about the importance of oral hygiene, followed by financial constraints and limited access to dental services. Conclusion: The findings reveal that the Narikuravar community faces significant barriers in accessing dental care, contributing to poor oral health outcomes. The study highlights the urgent need for targeted educational programs, community-based dental outreach services and improved access to affordable dental care. Public health strategies should focus on enhancing awareness, promoting preventive dental care practices and implementing mobile dental clinics to reduce these barriers and improve oral health outcomes in this marginalized population.