Experimentally validated transient enthalpy-based FEM model for PCM-integrated building materials with advanced thermal and energy efficiency insights

This study presents a high-fidelity finite element method (FEM) framework for modelling the thermal performance of phase change material (PCM)-integrated building materials, validated against experimental data. The model accurately captures transient thermal dynamics, including latent heat storage and release, subcooling effects, natural convection, and the influence of embedded aluminum fins. Through extensive parametric analysis, the model reveals critical insights into temperature profiles, phase boundary evolution, entropy generation, and energy efficiency across different material depths. Compared to experimental observations, the FEM predictions exhibit strong correlation, offering deeper understanding of PCM behaviour under dynamic conditions. Additionally, thermal response time maps and solid fraction distributions provide novel performance metrics not captured in conventional experimental studies. The framework's adaptability across different PCM formulations and building configurations underscores its utility as a robust design tool for optimizing PCM placement, layer thickness, and thermal management strategies in energy-efficient buildings.