Optimizing the Mg, Mn, and Mo co-inoculation impacts in soil using a response surface technique approach to ameliorate the N fixation efficiency of Enterobacter sp. GG1

Nitrogen fertilizers play a crucial role in enhancing crop productivity. However, the extensive use of synthetic fertilizers in recent years can disrupt the balance of soil nutrients, leading to deficiencies or toxicities in other essential nutrients such as magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and molybdenum (Mo). This imbalance can interfere with nitrogen cycling processes, particularly affecting the activity of nitrogenase enzymes involved in ammonium production. To improve soil fertility sustainably, it is essential to adopt eco-friendly agricultural practices that maximize the activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. This study used an in-vitro response surface methodology to enhance ammonium production efficiency in the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Enterobacter sp. GG1. The research aimed to optimize the co-inoculation rates of Mg, Mn, and Mo to increase nitrogen fixation efficiency. The findings revealed that the three independent variables (Mg, Mn, and Mo) significantly interacted with ammonium production. The optimal conditions resulted in a maximum ammonium production of 18.48 ppm per day per gram of biomass.