The proximate and mineral compositions of wild edible fruits in Eastern Ethiopia

Wild edible fruits are sources of food, nutrition, and medicine for the population worldwide. However, the nutritional value of wild edible fruits is not properly evaluated. This study aimed to determine the proximate and mineral contents of the fruits of Ziziphus spina-christi, Vangueria apiculata, Euclea racemosa, Cordia monoica, and Opuntia humifusa. We collected fruit samples from five wild plant species, mixed the samples collected from the same species to form composite; then, we dried and ground the sample to powder for proximate and mineral analysis. Opuntia humifusa contains higher moisture content (10.3%), followed by V. apiculata (9.1%). The crude fiber of Z. spina-christi (24%) and C. monoica (21%) was higher, whereas carbohydrate and energy contents were higher in the fruits of E. racemosa (68.9% and 340.5 kcal/100 g each). The protein content of C. monoica was higher (11.3%), followed by E. racemosa (10%). Higher crude fat content was recorded for V. apiculata (7.4%), followed by C. monoica and O. humifusa (2.6% and 2.5% each). The dry matter content ranged from 89.7% (O. humifusa) to 96.3% (Z. spina-christi). Ash content was higher in the fruit of O. humifusa and V. apiculata (9.7% each), followed by C. monoica (6.7%). A higher calcium content was found in the fruits of Z. spina-christi (1304.3 mg/kg), followed by V. apiculata (1043.4 mg/kg). Greater value of phosphorus was found in the fruits of O. humifusa (93384.6 mg/kg), followed by C. monoica (76461.5 mg/kg). All proximate compositions of wild edible fruits varied significantly (p < 0.05) among the studied species. Wild edible plants in the study area were rich in nutrients and minerals and could help supplement daily nutrient and mineral requirements. Hence, sustainable use and planting via agroforestry practices help improve food availability.