Advancing Autonomous Last-Mile Delivery: A Techno-Economic Comparison of U.S. and Chinese Innovations

This study conducts a comparative economic analysis of autonomous vehicle (AV) adoption in last-mile delivery between China and the United States, with a focus on both aerial (drone) and ground-based systems. Drawing on case studies, empirical data from 2018 to 2024, and regulatory assessments, the research evaluates how differing national contexts shape AV implementation outcomes. China’s rapid integration of AV technologies is facilitated by centralized policy support, cohesive regulations, and smart infrastructure, enabling businesses of all sizes to reduce costs, scale efficiently, and achieve substantial delivery speed improvements. Conversely, U.S. businesses face higher adoption barriers due to fragmented regulatory environments, slower infrastructure development, and scalability limitations, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises. Despite these hurdles, technological innovation in the U.S. shows promising potential. The study finds that while drones enhance speed and sustainability, ground vehicles offer superior payload capacity and route flexibility, with hybrid models emerging as the most economically viable. Policy harmonization, infrastructure investment, and SME access to AV solutions are identified as critical for unlocking economic benefits across both markets. This research offers actionable insights for stakeholders aiming to accelerate the future of autonomous last-mile logistics.