Development of Shikonin-Incorporated Biobased Intelligent Packaging Sensors for Enhanced Fresh Produce Quality Monitoring and Preservation

Shikonin, a naturally derived naphthoquinone compound from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has garnered a substantial amount of interest in food packaging applications due to its multifunctional properties. The bioactive properties of shikonin not only inhibit microbial proliferation but also act as a visual indicator of spoilage through colorimetric changes. The addition of shikonin into intelligent packaging systems has gained a lot of interest, specifically for keeping track of the freshness and quality of produce. Intelligent packaging systems, which are engineered to improve shelf life and promise food safety, significantly reduce food waste and enhance supply chain efficiency. This Review outlines the chemical properties of shikonin and its effectiveness against foodborne pathogens, underlining its compatibility with various biodegradable packaging materials. In addition, the integration of shikonin into pH-sensitive films that react with chemical changes in fresh produce during storage is examined. Such films provide real-time data on fruits, vegetables, and other perishable items, contributing to sustainable and cost-effective solutions for consumers and retailers. The development, potential applications, challenges, and future directions of shikonin-based sensors in real-time food packaging are also discussed with an emphasis on regulatory compliance and consumer acceptance. Finally, this review discusses the impact of shikonin-incorporated sensors in the advancement of intelligent packaging technologies for fresh produce.