Improving DC Microgrid Performance with Fractional Order PID Controllers

This paper demonstrates a broad investigation of the implementation and optimization of fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controllers in a micro-grid system that includes photovoltaic (PV) arrays and lithium-ion battery storage units. The research emphasizes the regulation of load voltage and battery current using FOPID controllers, which are combined with the Incremental Conductance (INC) scheme for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). To optimize system performance, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is utilized to determine the best parameters for both PID and FOPID controllers, with the Integral of Time-weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) as the fitness function. The system's performance is assessed under different sunlight conditions and resistive loads and is compared with traditional PID controllers. The findings imply that the PSO-optimized FOPID controller excels in sustaining system stability, faster response, and higher efficiency, underscoring its superiority over conventional approaches.