Modeling the Ultrasound-Induced Heating in Bone and External Layers

Bone consolidation is a process of cellular differentiation regulated by a series of growth factors and cytokines, where bone heating plays a role although this heating effect is subtle, it is biologically significant since it activates various mechanisms for bone healing. To perform a preliminary temperature estimation, a simulation combining acoustic equations and bioheat equations was performed to study the thermal response in a time-lapse study. In this study, we solved both the acoustic equation and the bioheat equation related to this physical phenomenon in order to simulate the thermal echo in the bone as well as its surrounding tissues such as muscle and skin. An acoustic source frequency of 1 MHz was chosen.